The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.